特斯拉的 CEO 伊隆?馬斯克是出了名的大忙人。因?yàn)樗鋵?shí)同時(shí)運(yùn)營(yíng)著三個(gè)估值超過(guò)十億美金的公司，同時(shí)還是五個(gè)公司的創(chuàng)始人。夢(mèng)想著有一天要去火星、得擠時(shí)間陪五個(gè)孩子、還要忙著約會(huì)。 根據(jù)過(guò)往公開(kāi)訪(fǎng)談，最忙的時(shí)候。馬斯克一周工作超過(guò) 100 小時(shí)。也就是說(shuō)，他平均要工作超過(guò) 14 個(gè)小時(shí)。為了保持高強(qiáng)度的工作，咖啡和健怡可樂(lè)都是馬斯克的最?lèi)?ài)。他每天得消滅掉 8 罐健怡可樂(lè)和好幾個(gè)大杯的咖啡。 在2014年南加州大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講中，馬斯克分享了自己自從創(chuàng)業(yè)以來(lái)的故事，同時(shí)也給了同學(xué)們四點(diǎn)建議，分別是：努力工作、專(zhuān)注、不要隨大流、趁著年輕，用于冒險(xiǎn)。 Alright, thank you. So, I’ve got about apparently I’ve got about five to six minutes to say the most useful things I can think of. I’m gonna do my best. It was suggested that I distill（精煉） things down to 3 items. I think I’ll go with four. And I’ll try, I think, I think these are pretty important ones. Some of it may kinda sound like, well you’ve heard them before. But, you know, worth reemphasizing（反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)）. I think the first is, you need to work, if you, depending on how well you want to do, particularly if you want to start a company, you need to work super hard. So what is super hard mean? Well, when my brother and I were starting our first company, instead of getting an apartment, we just rented a small office and we slept on the couch and we showered in the YMCA（青年旅社）. We’re so hard up (缺錢(qián)） that we had just one computer. So the website was up during the day, and I was coding at night. 7 days a week, all the time. And I, sort of briefly had a girlfriend in that period and in order to be with me, she had to sleep in the office. So, work hard, like, every waking hour. That’s the thing I would say, particularly if you’re starting a company. And I mean, if you do the simple math, you say like somebody else is working 50 hours a week and you’re working 100, you’ll get twice as done, as much done, in the course of the year as the other company. 第一，非常努力地工作(work super hard)：想創(chuàng)業(yè)的人，尤其得如此。我跟我弟弟成立第一家公司Zip2的時(shí)候，我們租了一間辦公室，直接就睡在沙發(fā)上，每天跑到Y(jié)MCA洗澡，而且兩人只有一臺(tái)電腦。我們的網(wǎng)站只能在白天上線(xiàn)，因?yàn)橥砩衔乙獙?xiě)程式。就這樣，每周工作七天，只要是醒著的時(shí)候都在工作。 The other thing I’d say is that if you’re creating a company, or if you’re joining a company, the most important thing is to attract great people. So either be with, join a group that’s amazing, that you really respect. Or, if you’re building a company, you’ve got to gather great people. I mean, all a company is, is a group of people that have gathered together to create a product or service. So depending upon how talented and hard working that group is, and to the degree(在某種程度上) in which they are focused cohesively in a good direction, that will determine the success of the company. So, do everything you can to gather great people, if you’re creating a company. 第二，吸引頂尖人才與你共事：企業(yè)是一群人集合在一起創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。不論你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)業(yè)或進(jìn)入企業(yè)工作，關(guān)鍵都在與頂尖人才共事。你應(yīng)該設(shè)法加入一個(gè)優(yōu)秀團(tuán)隊(duì)，跟那些讓你佩服的人一起工作。創(chuàng)業(yè)的話(huà)，更要想盡辦法，找到最厲害的人才。 Then, I’d say focus on signal over noise. A lot of companies get confused. They spend a lot of money on things that don’t actually make the product better. So, for example, at Tesla, we’ve never spent any money on advertising. We’ve put all the money into R and D and manufacturing and design to try and make the car as good as possible. And, I think that’s the way to go. For any given company, keep thinking about, “Are, these efforts that people are expending, are they resulting in a better product or service?" And if they’re not, stop those efforts. 第三，聚焦在信號(hào)，而非雜音(signal over noise)：很多企業(yè)混淆了焦點(diǎn)，花很多錢(qián)去做一些不會(huì)讓產(chǎn)品變得更好的事情。在特斯拉，我們從不做廣告，而是把錢(qián)投入研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)，不斷改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品。每家公司都應(yīng)該自問(wèn)，我們所做的這些事情，到底有沒(méi)有讓產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)更好，如果沒(méi)有，就應(yīng)該喊停了。 And then the final thing is, is to sort of, don’t just follow the trend. So, you may have heard me say that it’s good to thinking terms of the physics approach, the first principles. With is, rather than reasoning by analogy, you boil things down to the most fundamental truths you can imagine, and then you reason up from there. And this is a good way to figure out if something really makes sense, or is it just what everybody else is doing. It’s hard to think that way, you can’t think that way about everything. It takes a lot of effort. But if you’re trying to do something new, it’s the best way to thing. And that framework was developed by physicists to figure out counter intuitive things, like quantum mechanics. 第四，不要盲目跟隨潮流：物理學(xué)研究的第一條原則，不要以類(lèi)比方式來(lái)推理，應(yīng)該從最根本的真理開(kāi)始思考。物理學(xué)家就是運(yùn)用這種原則，搞懂一些反直覺(jué)的東西，例如量子力學(xué)。所以，多利用這個(gè)原則來(lái)判斷，你做的事情是否真的合理有意義，還是其實(shí)你只是在跟隨別人？如果你想開(kāi)創(chuàng)新事業(yè)、開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，這是最好的思考方法。 And anyways, so that’s, and then the final thing I would encourage you to do is now is the time to take risks. You don’t have kids, you’re obligations, well! Some of you… Hahaha, you probably don’t have kids. But as you get older, your obligations start to increase. So, and, once you have a family, you start taking risks not just for yourself, but for your family as well. It gets harder to do things that might not work out. So now is the time to do that. Before you have those obligations. So I would encourage you to take risks now, and to do something bold. You won’t regret it. 最適合做這些事情的時(shí)候是大學(xué)時(shí)代或大學(xué)剛畢業(yè)，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)時(shí)候你身上承擔(dān)的責(zé)任較輕，不需要養(yǎng)家。隨著時(shí)間推移，你身上的擔(dān)子越來(lái)越重，你就需要承擔(dān)更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。年紀(jì)愈大，要承擔(dān)的責(zé)任愈多。你要面對(duì)可能會(huì)失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，往往還要考慮到身邊的其他人，變得比較猶豫。